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  • Cartilage Repair Cartilage Repair

    Foot and ankle cartilage repair is a surgical procedure to restore the damaged cartilage in the foot and ankle joint. Cartilage repair can be performed either through a single long incision called the open approach or via a minimally invasive approach called arthroscopy.

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  • Ankle Arthroscopy Ankle Arthroscopy

    Ankle arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure in which an arthroscope, a small, soft, flexible tube with a light and video camera at the end, is inserted into the ankle joint to evaluate and treat a variety of conditions. The camera projects an image of the inside of the joint onto a large monitor, allowing your surgeon to look for any damage, assess the type of injury and repair the problem.

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  • Ankle Fusion Ankle Fusion

    Ankle fusion, also known as ankle arthrodesis, is a surgical procedure commonly employed for the treatment of ankle arthritis in which the joint cartilage is severely damaged. The procedure involves fusion of the bones that form the ankle joint into one piece, which eliminates joint motion and relieves pain originating from the arthritic joint.

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  • Foot & Ankle Deformity Correction Foot & Ankle Deformity Correction

    Foot and Ankle deformity correction is the repair of the abnormality by restoring the normal alignment of the bones in the foot & ankle, surgically or non-surgically.

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  • Cyst Removal Cyst Removal

    A cyst is a small irregular, non-cancerous sac-like structure filled with fluid or pus. It may be found in any part of the body including the foot. Cysts are caused due to infection, trauma, or blocked oil glands. They usually grow slowly and have a smooth surface. Cysts can be of varying sizes and appear as a bump on your skin or feel like a lump growing under the skin.

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  • Neurolysis Neurolysis

    Neurolysis is a procedure that involves injecting chemical agents into nerve fibers to reduce nerve pain by destroying the damaged nerves. These agents degenerate the nerve fibers blocking the transmission of pain signals. Neurolysis may also involve surgery to remove scar tissue around or within the nerve tissue or to remove the nerve itself.

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  • Lapiplasty Lapiplasty

    Lapiplasty is an advanced surgical method for bunion correction. This technique uses specially designed instruments to manipulate the bone in 3 dimensions so that the root of the problem, a misaligned and unstable joint within the midfoot is corrected and stabilized. The procedure uses smaller incisions than traditional bunion surgery which involves shaving of the bony projection (osteotomy) and shifting the bones but does not address the unstable joint or the 3-dimensional nature of the deformity.

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  • Midfoot Fusion Midfoot Fusion

    Midfoot fusion may involve fusion of all the midfoot joints, or in most cases, a fusion of one or a few of the joints into one solid bone. This eliminates joint motion and relieves pain originating from the damaged or arthritic joint.

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  • Treatment of Foot and Ankle Sports Injuries Treatment of Foot and Ankle Sports Injuries

    Injuries during sports are common. They can result from accidents, inadequate training, improper use of protective devices, or insufficient stretching or warm-up exercises. Injuries to the foot and ankle are common while playing sports such as football, hockey, skating and in weekend athletes. Common sports injuries include sprains and strains, ankle fractures and Achilles tendinitis.

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  • Cavovarus Foot Correction Cavovarus Foot Correction

    To support the entire body’s weight on your two feet, the inner middle portion of each foot (midfoot) is raised off the ground to form an arch. A cavovarus foot deformity is characterized by a higher-than-normal arch of the inner midfoot. This results as the two ends of the foot - the heel and toes - abnormally draw towards the inside of the foot, causing the foot to rest on its outer side.

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  • Lesser Toe Surgery Lesser Toe Surgery

    Lesser toe surgery is an operation to correct deformities of the lesser toes other than the big toe. Some of the common lesser toe deformities include hammer toe, claw toe, and mallet toe.

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  • Metatarsal Surgery Metatarsal Surgery

    Metatarsal surgery is a surgical procedure performed on the metatarsal bones, the long bones in the feet that connect to the toe bones. It is usually performed to correct a bunion deformity and is mainly done on the first metatarsal bone behind the big toe. Surgery on the second to fifth metatarsal bones is usually performed to treat callouses or ulcers at the bottom of the foot.

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  • Ankle Tenotomy Ankle Tenotomy

    Ankle tenotomy is a surgical procedure to lengthen the Achilles tendon, enabling the ankle to flex upward and allowing the heel to be placed flat on the floor. It is indicated in if you have an abnormally developed Achilles tendon or one that has become shortened and is difficult to stretch. The surgery is performed to restore the normal range of motion of the ankle.

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  • Ankle Instability Surgery Ankle Instability Surgery

    Ankle instability is a chronic condition characterized by the recurrent slipping of the outer side of the ankle. Instability is generally noticed during movement of the ankle joint, but can also occur while standing.

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  • Syndesmosis with TightRope Fixation Syndesmosis with TightRope Fixation

    The ankle is made up of the tibia and fibula bones of the lower leg, and the tarsus bone of the foot. They are held together by ligaments, which provide strength and stability during movement.

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  • Endoscopic Achilles Lengthenings Endoscopic Achilles Lengthening

    Endoscopic Achilles lengthening is a minimally invasive surgical procedure for the treatment of a tight Achilles tendon. The procedure involves stretching the tight Achilles tendon at the ankle and increasing motion at the ankle joint for uninterrupted flexion and extension of the foot.

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  • Complex Foot and Ankle Surgeries Complex Foot and Ankle Surgeries

    Complex foot and ankle surgeries are procedures employed to treat foot and ankle structures with deformities, injuries, structural issues, and damage from diseases like diabetes or arthritis.

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  • Percutaneous Achilles Repair Percutaneous Achilles Repair

    Percutaneous Achilles repair is a minimally invasive surgical procedure to treat an Achilles tendon tear. The procedure involves making several small surgical incisions behind the ankle and stitching back together the two torn pieces of the Achilles tendon, instead of making one large incision as in an open surgery and carrying out the repair.

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  • Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of the Foot Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of the Foot

    Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of the foot is a surgical procedure performed to repair serious fractures (broken bones) of the foot that cannot be fixed with a splint or a cast.

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  • Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of the Ankle Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of the Ankle

    Open reduction refers to making an open incision (long surgical cut) to reach the broken bones and reposition or realign them back into their normal position. Internal fixation refers to utilizing fixation devices such as metal plates, screws, or rods to stabilize and hold the broken bones in place together while they heal.

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  • Internal and External Fixation of Foot and Ankle Fractures Internal and External Fixation of Foot and Ankle Fractures

    Foot and ankle fractures are breaks or cracks in any bone of your foot and ankle joint. Fixation of fractures is a surgical method of reconnecting the broken or cracked bones and fixing them in the correct place using orthopedic hardware.

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  • Posterior Tibialis Tendon Repair Posterior Tibialis Tendon Repair

    Posterior tibialis tendon repair is a surgery performed to repair an injured or torn posterior tibialis tendon. The tear may occur as a result of a fall or break/dislocation of the ankle. The surgery may also be performed for chronic inflammation of the posterior tibialis tendon due to overuse.

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  • Revision Foot and Ankle Surgery Revision Foot and Ankle Surgery

    Foot and ankle surgery is performed when injuries or conditions are severe and conservative treatment methods are inadequate. It may involve repairing, realigning, or reconstructing structures in the foot and ankle.

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  • Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation System (OATS) of the Ankle Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation System (OATS) of the Ankle

    OATS of the ankle is a surgical procedure to treat Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus (OCL) or Osteochondritis Dissecans (OCD). It involves the transfer of healthy cartilage to replace the damaged cartilage and restore the normal function of the foot. The cartilage can be taken from your ankle joint (autograft) for smaller defects.

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  • Tendon Transfer Tendon Transfer

    In a tendon transfer procedure, a healthy tendon is transferred to replace the damaged tendon and restore the normal movement of the foot.

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  • Toe Exercises Toe Exercises

    Toe exercises improve foot flexibility and strength and can help alleviate muscle soreness caused by the stress exerted on the foot each day. Healthy toes also improve your balance and reduce your risk of falls. Here are some gentle strengthening and stretching exercises that you can perform 2-3 times a week...

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  • Diabetic Wound Management Diabetic Wound Management

    Diabetic wound management is the process of treating wounds complicated by diabetes. Diabetes is a chronic condition characterized by high blood glucose (sugar) levels. Diabetic patients are at a higher risk for developing chronic wounds on the limbs, especially in the feet.

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  • Bunion Prevention Bunion Prevention

    A bunion, also known as hallux valgus, is a condition characterized by a bony extension that develops at the base of the big toe due to the misalignment of the metatarsal bones or by the formation of additional bone in this area. Inflammation occurs in the enlarged joint which may be accompanied by progressively increasing tenderness and pain.

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  • Achilles Tendinitis Treatment Achilles Tendinitis Treatment

    Achilles tendinitis is the inflammation and irritation to the Achilles tendon, a strong fibrous cord present behind the ankle that connects your calf muscles to the heel bone. Certain activities can cause an overuse injury to the Achilles tendon, particularly in middle-aged people participating in sports activities occasionally.

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Foot & Ankle Reconstruction

  • Flatfoot Reconstruction Flatfoot Reconstruction

    Foot reconstruction is a surgery performed to correct the structures of the foot and restore the natural functionality of the foot that has been lost due to injury or illness.

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  • Neuromuscular Reconstruction Neuromuscular Reconstruction

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  • Cavus Foot Reconstructions Cavus Foot Reconstructions

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  • Ankle Arthrodesis Ankle Arthrodesis

    Ankle arthrodesis is the surgical fusion of bones that form the ankle joint. The ankle joint is formed by the tibia, talus, and the fibula bones.

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  • Foot Reconstruction Foot Reconstruction

    Foot reconstruction is a surgery performed to correct the structures of the foot and restore the natural functionality of the foot that has been lost due to injury or illness. Ideally, any foot surgery for reconstruction is done to improve the appearance and function of the foot so that you can maintain your quality of life.

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  • Ankle Ligament Reconstruction Ankle Ligament Reconstruction

    An ankle sprain is a common injury that occurs when you fall, suddenly twist the ankle joint or when you land your foot in an awkward position after a jump. It most commonly occurs when you participate in sports or when you jump or run on a surface that is irregular.

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  • Charcot Foot Reconstruction Charcot Foot Reconstruction

    Charcot foot reconstruction is a surgery performed to repair damage to the bones, ligaments, tendons and other structures in a foot affected by a condition called Charcot foot, which is characterized by loss of sensation in the foot.

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  • Charcot Reconstruction Charcot Reconstruction

    Charcot foot and ankle is a condition characterized by gradual weakening of the bones, joints and soft tissues, and loss of sensation in the foot and ankle. It is caused by nerve damage (neuropathy) in the foot and ankle or due to diabetes.

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  • Subtalar Arthrodesis Subtalar Arthrodesis

    The subtalar joint is a complex joint located below the ankle joint and is formed by the union of the heel (calcaneus) and the talus (ankle) bone. The subtalar joint allows side-to-side movement of the foot.

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  • Post-Traumatic Reconstruction of the Foot and Ankle Post-Traumatic Reconstruction of the Foot and Ankle

    Post-traumatic reconstruction of the foot and ankle is a surgical procedure performed for the correction of foot and ankle deformities as a result of traumatic injury and to restore lost function.

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Minimally Invasive Surgery

  • Minimally Invasive Bunion Surgery Minimally Invasive Bunion Surgery

    Minimally invasive bunion surgery, also known as keyhole bunion surgery, is a procedure to treat a foot condition called a bunion or hallux valgus. During minimally invasive bunion surgery, a few small incisions are made to access the bone around the bunion, as opposed to a much larger incision made during an open bunion surgery that cuts across layers of tissue around the bone, causing more postoperative pain, a larger scar, and damage to the surrounding soft tissues.

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  • Minimally Invasive Foot Surgery Minimally Invasive Foot Surgery

    Minimally invasive foot surgery (MIFS) uses the latest advanced technology to treat foot and ankle pain caused by a variety of conditions. Special surgical instruments, devices, and advanced imaging techniques are used to visualize and perform the surgery through small incisions.

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  • Achilles Tendon Repair Achilles Tendon Repair

    Tendons are the soft tissues connecting muscle to bone. The Achilles tendon is the longest tendon in the body and is present behind the ankle, joining the calf muscles with the heel bone. Contraction of the calf muscles tightens the Achilles tendon and pulls the heel, enabling the foot and toe movements necessary for walking, running and jumping.

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  • Ankle Joint Replacement Ankle Joint Replacement

    Ankle joint replacement, also known as total ankle arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure performed to relieve pain and immobility due to severe end-stage arthritis that has not responded to non-surgical treatments. The goal of ankle joint replacement surgery is to eliminate your pain and increase the mobility of your ankle joint.

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  • Bunionette Surgery Bunionette Surgery

    Bunionette surgery is an outpatient surgical procedure that involves shaving off part of the bony lump and realigning the displaced fifth metatarsal to restore normal foot function.

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  • Bunionectomy Bunionectomy

    A bunionectomy is a surgical procedure to remove a bunion. A bunion, also called a hallux valgus, is an enlargement of bone or soft tissues around the joint at the base of the big toe that results in the formation of a bump.

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  • Arthroscopic Joint Fusion Arthroscopic Joint Fusion

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  • Plantar Fascia Release Plantar Fascia Release

    Plantar fascia release is a surgical procedure to treat moderate to severe plantar fasciitis, in which your surgeon releases or removes the diseased section of the plantar fascia tissue to relieve pain and inflammation in the foot.

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  • Foot and Ankle Osteotomy Foot and Ankle Osteotomy

    Foot and ankle osteotomy is a surgery performed to remove parts of a bone in your foot or ankle that might be causing pain or limiting your mobility. The surgery helps relieve pressure on the foot and ankle caused by the bone deformity or injury.

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  • Custom 3D Printed Ankle Replacement Custom 3D Printed Ankle Replacement

    In a custom 3D printed ankle replacement surgery, the damaged or worn ankle joint is replaced with a patient-specific implant that is usually made of cobalt-chromium-molybdenum powder. Prior to surgery, a CT scan of your foot and ankle is obtained. Based on the scan results, 3D bone models of the ankle bones which include the tibia, fibula, talus, and calcaneus are generated.

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  • Total Toe Arthroplasty Total Toe Arthroplasty

    Total toe arthroplasty, also known as total toe replacement, is a surgical procedure for the treatment of toe arthritis or severe trauma to the toe in which worn out or damaged portions of the toe joint are removed and replaced with an artificial prosthesis. The most commonly performed total toe arthroplasty is the great toe arthroplasty or metatarsophalangeal (MTP) arthroplasty. The great toe is also referred to as “big toe” or “hallux.”

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  • Total Talus Replacement Total Talus Replacement

    Total talus replacement is a surgical procedure in which the damaged or injured talus bone of the ankle joint is removed and replaced with a prosthetic implant.

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Non-Surgical Treatment for Foot and Ankle Pain

  • Foot Injections Foot Injections

    Foot infections may occur after trauma to the foot or loss of tissue because of contamination from foreign material and/or bacteria or fungus. Infections can occur in healthy individuals as well as in those whose health is compromised.

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  • Foot and Ankle Conditioning Programs Foot and Ankle Conditioning Programs

    A foot injury or foot surgery can leave you immobile for a period of time. To return to your regular activities and more strenuous recreational activities, it is necessary for you to follow a well-planned activity and exercise-conditioning program.

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  • Foot and Ankle Rehabilitation Foot and Ankle Rehabilitation

    The foot is composed of different structures including bones, ligaments, tendons, and muscles. As the feet bear the weight of our body, they are more prone to injury and pain. A foot injury or foot surgery may leave you immobile for a period of time. After any injury or surgery to your foot, a rehabilitation program will help you get back to your daily activities quicker.

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  • Compression Stockings (How they benefit your feet) Compression Stockings (How they benefit your feet)

    Compression stockings are snug-fitting sleeves or socks worn over the lower limbs and designed mainly for compression therapy. They fit firmly against your skin and help by applying moderate pressure, softly squeezing your legs. This helps the blood to flow from your legs back up to your heart and can reduce pain and swelling in your ankles and legs.

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  • Foot Orthotics Foot Orthotics

    Foot orthotics also known as orthoses are specially designed supportive shoe inserts worn against the foot to relieve pain, provide protection, and treat foot or ankle deformities. They are available in multiple sizes and shapes to deliver prescription-based foot correction or may be custom-made with the help of a plaster cast or computer-aided 3D imaging of the foot.

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  • Foot Care Foot Care

    The feet help maintain proper posture and allow movement. As the feet bear the entire weight of the body and are involved in most activities, they are more prone to problems such as calluses, corns, cracks, infections, and traumatic injuries. To maintain healthy feet, you should always wear comfortable, good quality and properly fitting footwear.

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  • Foot Rehabilitation Following Surgery Foot Rehabilitation Following Surgery

    A foot injury or foot surgery may leave you immobile for a period of time. To return to your regular activities and more strenuous recreational activities, it is necessary for you to follow a well-planned activity and exercise program.

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  • Foot and Ankle Examination Foot and Ankle Examination

    Foot and Ankle conditions typically occur due to injury of the muscles, ligaments or bones, due to aging, or certain disorders including gout, bunion, arthritis, claw toes, bursitis, hammertoes, stress fracture, etc.

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  • High Heels High Heels

    High heels have been worn by many women for years to look taller and nowadays they are commonly worn as part of a fashion statement. Women wearing high heels appear taller with longer legs; however, this causes postural changes which bring a host of health issues when high heels are worn too frequently.

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  • The Arthroscopy Association of North America
  • The American Osteopathic Academy of Orthopedics (AOAO)
  • The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
  • American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society®
    Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Foundation
  • American Academy of Osteopathy
  • American Osteopathic Association